de-:down
→detergent (adj.)
from Latin detergentem (nominative detergens), present participle of detergere "to wipe away, cleanse," from de- "off, away" + tergere " to rub, polish, wipe."
→deplore (v.)
"to give up as hopeless," from French déplorer (13c.), from Latin deplorare "deplore, bewail, lament, give up for lost," from de- "entirely" + plorare "weep, cry out," which is of unknown origin. Meaning "to regret deeply" is from 1560s.
→deceleration (n.)
1894, originally in railroading, coined from de- "do the opposite of" + (ac)celeration.
xeno-:strange
→xenophobia (n.)
from xeno- "foreign, strange" + -phobia "fear." Earlier (c. 1884) it meant "agoraphobia."
→xenophile (n.)
a person who is attracted to foreign peoples, cultures, or customs. From xeno- "foreign, strange" + -phile.
ab-:away,from
→absorb (v.)
early 15c., from Old French absorbir, assorbir, from Latin absorbere "to swallow up, devour," from ab "off, away from" + sorbere "suck in," from PIE root *srebh- "to suck, absorb".
→abrogation (n.)
"annulling of (a law) by legislative action," 1530s, from Latin abrogationem (nominative abrogatio) "a repeal (of a law)," noun of action from past participle stem of abrogare "annul, repeal," from ab "off, away from" + rogare "propose (a law), ask, request".
→abrade (v.)
1670s, from Latin abradere "to scrape off, shave away," from ab "off" + radere "to scrape".
The history of English in 10 minutes
https://youtu.be/r9Tfbeqyu2U
Vocabulary
⇨prognosticate (v.)
early 15c., a back-formation from prognostication and also from Medieval Latin prognosticatus, past participle of prognosticare (see prognostication). Related: Prognosticated; prognosticating.
⇨badger (v.)
1790, from badger (n.), based on the behavior of the dogs in the medieval sport of badger-baiting, still practiced in 18c. England. Related: Badgered; badgering.
⇨indiscriminate (adj.)
"not carefully discriminating, done without making distinctions," 1640s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + discriminate (adj.).
⇨furtive (adj.)
16c., from Middle French furtif (16c.), from Latin furtivus "stolen," hence also "hidden, secret," from furtum "theft, robbery; a stolen thing," from fur (genitive furis) "a thief, extortioner," also a general term of abuse, "rascal, rogue," probably from PIE *bhor-, from root *bher- (1) "to carry; to bear children" (see phoresy). Related: Furtiveness.
⇨fabricate (v.)
mid-15c., "to fashion, make, build," from Latin fabricatus, past participle of fabricare "to make, construct, fashion, build," from fabrica (see fabric). In bad sense of "tell a lie (etc.)," it is recorded by 1779. Related: Fabricated; fabricating.
⇨nuance (v.)
1886, from nuance (n.). Related: Nuanced.
⇨vigilant (adj.)
late 15c., from Middle French vigilant or directly from Latin vigilantem (nominative vigilans) "watchful, anxious, careful," present participle of vigilare "to watch, keep awake, not to sleep, be watchful," from vigil "watchful, awake" (see vigil). Related: Vigilantly.
⇨dupe (v.)
1704, from dupe (n.). Related: Duped; duping.
⇨inadvertent (adj.)
1650s, "not properly attentive" (of persons), a back-formation from inadvertence. Meaning "unconscious, unintentional" (of actions) is from 1724.
⇨incongruous (adj.)
1610s, from Latin incongruus "incongruous, inconsistent," from in- "not, opposite of, without" (see in- (1)) + congruus "fit, suitable" (see congruent). Related: Incongruously; incongruousness.
Vocabulary
⇨prognosticate (v.)
early 15c., a back-formation from prognostication and also from Medieval Latin prognosticatus, past participle of prognosticare (see prognostication). Related: Prognosticated; prognosticating.
⇨badger (v.)
1790, from badger (n.), based on the behavior of the dogs in the medieval sport of badger-baiting, still practiced in 18c. England. Related: Badgered; badgering.
⇨indiscriminate (adj.)
"not carefully discriminating, done without making distinctions," 1640s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + discriminate (adj.).
⇨furtive (adj.)
16c., from Middle French furtif (16c.), from Latin furtivus "stolen," hence also "hidden, secret," from furtum "theft, robbery; a stolen thing," from fur (genitive furis) "a thief, extortioner," also a general term of abuse, "rascal, rogue," probably from PIE *bhor-, from root *bher- (1) "to carry; to bear children" (see phoresy). Related: Furtiveness.
⇨fabricate (v.)
mid-15c., "to fashion, make, build," from Latin fabricatus, past participle of fabricare "to make, construct, fashion, build," from fabrica (see fabric). In bad sense of "tell a lie (etc.)," it is recorded by 1779. Related: Fabricated; fabricating.
⇨nuance (v.)
1886, from nuance (n.). Related: Nuanced.
⇨vigilant (adj.)
late 15c., from Middle French vigilant or directly from Latin vigilantem (nominative vigilans) "watchful, anxious, careful," present participle of vigilare "to watch, keep awake, not to sleep, be watchful," from vigil "watchful, awake" (see vigil). Related: Vigilantly.
⇨dupe (v.)
1704, from dupe (n.). Related: Duped; duping.
⇨inadvertent (adj.)
1650s, "not properly attentive" (of persons), a back-formation from inadvertence. Meaning "unconscious, unintentional" (of actions) is from 1724.
⇨incongruous (adj.)
1610s, from Latin incongruus "incongruous, inconsistent," from in- "not, opposite of, without" (see in- (1)) + congruus "fit, suitable" (see congruent). Related: Incongruously; incongruousness.
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