week4

Prefix, root, suffix

anti-:against,opposed to

→anti-social (adj.)
   also antisocial, 1797, from anti- + social (adj.). First-attested use is in sense of      "unsociable;" meaning "hostile to social order or norms" is from 1802.

→antitheist (n.)
   also anti-theist, "one opposed to belief in the existence of a god," 1813

→antipathy (n.)
   c. 1600, from Latin antipathia, from Greek antipatheia, abstract noun from antipathes   "opposed in feeling, having opposite feeling; in return for suffering; felt mutually," from anti- "against" + root of pathos "feeling".


-ary: connected with

→imaginary (adj.)
"not real, existing only in fancy," late 14c., ymaginaire, from imagine + -ary; or else from Late Latin imaginarius "seeming, fancied," also literal, "pertaining to an image," from Latin imaginari "picture to oneself."

→planetary (adj.) 
1590s; see planet + -ary. Probably from Late Latin planetarius "pertaining to a planet or planets," but this is attested only as "an astrologer." Planetary nebula, so called for its shape, attested from 1785.

→votary (n.)
1540s, "one consecrated by a vow," from Latin votum "a promise to a god; that which is promised" + -ary. Originally "a monk or nun," general sense of "ardent devotee of some aim or pursuit" is from 1591 (in Shakespeare, originally in reference to love).


-ant:a person who

→observant (adj.)
1590s, from observe + -ant, or else from French observant, past participle of observer. In reference to Judaism, from 1902.

→retardant (adj.)

1640s, from retard (v.) + -ant or from Latin retardantem (nominative retardans), present participle of retardare. From 1952 as a noun, "retardant substanc.

→hydrant (n.)
"apparatus for drawing water from a street main," 1806, from Greek hydr-, stem of hydor "water". OED double-damns it as "Irregularly formed" and "of U.S. origin."



Super Tuesday




In the United States, Super Tuesday, in general, refers informally to one or more Tuesdays early in a United States presidential primary season when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses.

More delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday than on any other single day of the primary calendar. Since Super Tuesday primaries and caucuses are typically held in a large number of states from geographically and socially diverse regions of the country, it typically represents a presidential candidate's first test of national electability. 

Thus, candidates seeking the presidency traditionally must do well on this day to help secure their party's nomination. In fact, convincing wins in Super Tuesday primaries have usually propelled candidates to their party's nomination. Super Tuesday is in either February or March of the presidential election year. During the 2016 election year, Super Tuesday was held on March 1.


Lame duck




A lame duck, in politics, is an elected official whose successor has already been elected. The official is often seen as having less influence with other politicians due to their limited time left in office. 

Conversely, a lame duck is free to make decisions that exercise their standard powers with little fear of consequence, such as issuing executive orders, pardons, or other controversial edicts. Lame duck politicians result from term limits, planned retirement, or electoral losses.


Pork barrel




Pork barrel is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district. The usage originated in American English.

In election campaigns, the term is used in derogatory fashion to attack opponents. However, scholars use it as a technical term regarding legislative control of local appropriations.